src/backend/ssh/file-manager.ts

@@ -94,7 +94,16 @@ interface SSHSession {
   timeout?: NodeJS.Timeout;
 }
 
+interface PendingTOTPSession {
+  client: SSHClient;
+  finish: (responses: string[]) => void;
+  config: any;
+  createdAt: number;
+  sessionId: string;
+}
+
 const sshSessions: Record<string, SSHSession> = {};
+const pendingTOTPSessions: Record<string, PendingTOTPSession> = {};
 
 function cleanupSession(sessionId: string) {
   const session = sshSessions[sessionId];
@@ -239,6 +248,7 @@ app.post("/ssh/file_manager/ssh/connect", async (req, res) => {
     host: ip,
     port: port || 22,
     username,
+    tryKeyboard: true,
     readyTimeout: 60000,
     keepaliveInterval: 30000,
     keepaliveCountMax: 3,
@@ -364,9 +374,142 @@ app.post("/ssh/file_manager/ssh/connect", async (req, res) => {
     cleanupSession(sessionId);
   });
 
+  client.on(
+    "keyboard-interactive",
+    (
+      name: string,
+      instructions: string,
+      instructionsLang: string,
+      prompts: Array<{ prompt: string; echo: boolean }>,
+      finish: (responses: string[]) => void,
+    ) => {
+      fileLogger.info("Keyboard-interactive authentication requested", {
+        operation: "file_keyboard_interactive",
+        hostId,
+        sessionId,
+        promptsCount: prompts.length,
+      });
+
+      const totpPrompt = prompts.find((p) =>
+        /verification code|verification_code|token|otp|2fa|authenticator|google.*auth/i.test(
+          p.prompt,
+        ),
+      );
+
+      if (totpPrompt) {
+        if (responseSent) return;
+        responseSent = true;
+
+        pendingTOTPSessions[sessionId] = {
+          client,
+          finish,
+          config,
+          createdAt: Date.now(),
+          sessionId,
+        };
+
+        res.json({
+          requires_totp: true,
+          sessionId,
+          prompt: totpPrompt.prompt,
+        });
+      } else {
+        if (resolvedCredentials.password) {
+          const responses = prompts.map(() => resolvedCredentials.password || "");
+          finish(responses);
+        } else {
+          finish(prompts.map(() => ""));
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
   client.connect(config);
 });
 
+app.post("/ssh/file_manager/ssh/connect-totp", async (req, res) => {
+  const { sessionId, totpCode } = req.body;
+
+  const userId = (req as any).userId;
+
+  if (!userId) {
+    fileLogger.error("TOTP verification rejected: no authenticated user", {
+      operation: "file_totp_auth",
+      sessionId,
+    });
+    return res.status(401).json({ error: "Authentication required" });
+  }
+
+  if (!sessionId || !totpCode) {
+    return res.status(400).json({ error: "Session ID and TOTP code required" });
+  }
+
+  const session = pendingTOTPSessions[sessionId];
+
+  if (!session) {
+    fileLogger.warn("TOTP session not found or expired", {
+      operation: "file_totp_verify",
+      sessionId,
+      userId,
+    });
+    return res.status(404).json({ error: "TOTP session expired. Please reconnect." });
+  }
+
+  delete pendingTOTPSessions[sessionId];
+
+  if (Date.now() - session.createdAt > 120000) {
+    try {
+      session.client.end();
+    } catch {}
+    return res.status(408).json({ error: "TOTP session timeout. Please reconnect." });
+  }
+
+  session.finish([totpCode]);
+
+  let responseSent = false;
+
+  session.client.on("ready", () => {
+    if (responseSent) return;
+    responseSent = true;
+
+    sshSessions[sessionId] = {
+      client: session.client,
+      isConnected: true,
+      lastActive: Date.now(),
+    };
+    scheduleSessionCleanup(sessionId);
+
+    fileLogger.success("TOTP verification successful", {
+      operation: "file_totp_verify",
+      sessionId,
+      userId,
+    });
+
+    res.json({ status: "success", message: "TOTP verified, SSH connection established" });
+  });
+
+  session.client.on("error", (err) => {
+    if (responseSent) return;
+    responseSent = true;
+
+    fileLogger.error("TOTP verification failed", {
+      operation: "file_totp_verify",
+      sessionId,
+      userId,
+      error: err.message,
+    });
+
+    res.status(401).json({ status: "error", message: "Invalid TOTP code" });
+  });
+
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    if (!responseSent) {
+      responseSent = true;
+      res.status(408).json({ error: "TOTP verification timeout" });
+    }
+  }, 60000);
+});
+
 app.post("/ssh/file_manager/ssh/disconnect", (req, res) => {
   const { sessionId } = req.body;
   cleanupSession(sessionId);

src/backend/ssh/server-stats.ts

@@ -95,6 +95,40 @@ class SSHConnectionPool {
         reject(err);
       });
 
+      client.on(
+        "keyboard-interactive",
+        (
+          name: string,
+          instructions: string,
+          instructionsLang: string,
+          prompts: Array<{ prompt: string; echo: boolean }>,
+          finish: (responses: string[]) => void,
+        ) => {
+          const totpPrompt = prompts.find((p) =>
+            /verification code|verification_code|token|otp|2fa|authenticator|google.*auth/i.test(
+              p.prompt,
+            ),
+          );
+
+          if (totpPrompt) {
+            statsLogger.warn(
+              `Server Stats cannot handle TOTP for host ${host.ip}. Connection will fail.`,
+              {
+                operation: "server_stats_totp_detected",
+                hostId: host.id,
+              },
+            );
+            client.end();
+            reject(new Error("TOTP authentication required but not supported in Server Stats"));
+          } else if (host.password) {
+            const responses = prompts.map(() => host.password || "");
+            finish(responses);
+          } else {
+            finish([]);
+          }
+        },
+      );
+
       try {
         client.connect(buildSshConfig(host));
       } catch (err) {
@@ -487,6 +521,7 @@ function buildSshConfig(host: SSHHostWithCredentials): ConnectConfig {
     host: host.ip,
     port: host.port || 22,
     username: host.username || "root",
+    tryKeyboard: true,
     readyTimeout: 10_000,
     algorithms: {
       kex: [
@@ -651,7 +686,8 @@ async function collectMetrics(host: SSHHostWithCredentials): Promise<{
   }
 
   return requestQueue.queueRequest(host.id, async () => {
-    return withSshConnection(host, async (client) => {
+    try {
+      return await withSshConnection(host, async (client) => {
       let cpuPercent: number | null = null;
       let cores: number | null = null;
       let loadTriplet: [number, number, number] | null = null;
@@ -812,6 +848,12 @@ async function collectMetrics(host: SSHHostWithCredentials): Promise<{
       metricsCache.set(host.id, result);
       return result;
     });
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof Error && error.message.includes("TOTP authentication required")) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
   });
 }
 
@@ -982,6 +1024,17 @@ app.get("/metrics/:id", validateHostId, async (req, res) => {
     const metrics = await collectMetrics(host);
     res.json({ ...metrics, lastChecked: new Date().toISOString() });
   } catch (err) {
+    if (err instanceof Error && err.message.includes("TOTP authentication required")) {
+      return res.status(403).json({
+        error: "TOTP_REQUIRED",
+        message: "Server Stats unavailable for TOTP-enabled servers",
+        cpu: { percent: null, cores: null, load: null },
+        memory: { percent: null, usedGiB: null, totalGiB: null },
+        disk: { percent: null, usedHuman: null, totalHuman: null },
+        lastChecked: new Date().toISOString(),
+      });
+    }
+
     statsLogger.error("Failed to collect metrics", err);
 
     if (err instanceof Error && err.message.includes("timeout")) {

src/backend/ssh/terminal.ts

@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ wss.on("connection", async (ws: WebSocket, req) => {
   let sshConn: Client | null = null;
   let sshStream: ClientChannel | null = null;
   let pingInterval: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+  let keyboardInteractiveFinish: ((responses: string[]) => void) | null = null;
 
   ws.on("close", () => {
     const userWs = userConnections.get(userId);
@@ -257,6 +258,33 @@ wss.on("connection", async (ws: WebSocket, req) => {
         ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: "pong" }));
         break;
 
+      case "totp_response":
+        if (keyboardInteractiveFinish && data?.code) {
+          const totpCode = data.code;
+          sshLogger.info("TOTP code received from user", {
+            operation: "totp_response",
+            userId,
+            codeLength: totpCode.length,
+          });
+
+          keyboardInteractiveFinish([totpCode]);
+          keyboardInteractiveFinish = null;
+        } else {
+          sshLogger.warn("TOTP response received but no callback available", {
+            operation: "totp_response_error",
+            userId,
+            hasCallback: !!keyboardInteractiveFinish,
+            hasCode: !!data?.code,
+          });
+          ws.send(
+            JSON.stringify({
+              type: "error",
+              message: "TOTP authentication state lost. Please reconnect.",
+            }),
+          );
+        }
+        break;
+
       default:
         sshLogger.warn("Unknown message type received", {
           operation: "websocket_message_unknown_type",
@@ -557,10 +585,56 @@ wss.on("connection", async (ws: WebSocket, req) => {
       cleanupSSH(connectionTimeout);
     });
 
+    sshConn.on(
+      "keyboard-interactive",
+      (
+        name: string,
+        instructions: string,
+        instructionsLang: string,
+        prompts: Array<{ prompt: string; echo: boolean }>,
+        finish: (responses: string[]) => void,
+      ) => {
+        sshLogger.info("Keyboard-interactive authentication requested", {
+          operation: "ssh_keyboard_interactive",
+          hostId: id,
+          promptsCount: prompts.length,
+          instructions: instructions || "none",
+        });
+
+        const totpPrompt = prompts.find((p) =>
+          /verification code|verification_code|token|otp|2fa|authenticator|google.*auth/i.test(
+            p.prompt,
+          ),
+        );
+
+        if (totpPrompt) {
+          keyboardInteractiveFinish = finish;
+          ws.send(
+            JSON.stringify({
+              type: "totp_required",
+              prompt: totpPrompt.prompt,
+            }),
+          );
+        } else {
+          if (resolvedCredentials.password) {
+            const responses = prompts.map(() => resolvedCredentials.password || "");
+            finish(responses);
+          } else {
+            sshLogger.warn("Keyboard-interactive requires password but none available", {
+              operation: "ssh_keyboard_interactive_no_password",
+              hostId: id,
+            });
+            finish(prompts.map(() => ""));
+          }
+        }
+      },
+    );
+
     const connectConfig: any = {
       host: ip,
       port,
       username,
+      tryKeyboard: true,
       keepaliveInterval: 30000,
       keepaliveCountMax: 3,
       readyTimeout: 60000,

src/locales/en/translation.json

@@ -709,7 +709,11 @@
     "connectionTimeout": "Connection timeout",
     "terminalTitle": "Terminal - {{host}}",
     "terminalWithPath": "Terminal - {{host}}:{{path}}",
-    "runTitle": "Running {{command}} - {{host}}"
+    "runTitle": "Running {{command}} - {{host}}",
+    "totpRequired": "Two-Factor Authentication Required",
+    "totpCodeLabel": "Verification Code",
+    "totpPlaceholder": "000000",
+    "totpVerify": "Verify"
   },
   "fileManager": {
     "title": "File Manager",
@@ -993,7 +997,9 @@
     "fileComparison": "File Comparison: {{file1}} vs {{file2}}",
     "fileTooLarge": "File too large: {{error}}",
     "sshConnectionFailed": "SSH connection failed. Please check your connection to {{name}} ({{ip}}:{{port}})",
-    "loadFileFailed": "Failed to load file: {{error}}"
+    "loadFileFailed": "Failed to load file: {{error}}",
+    "connectedSuccessfully": "Connected successfully",
+    "totpVerificationFailed": "TOTP verification failed"
   },
   "tunnels": {
     "title": "SSH Tunnels",
@@ -1093,6 +1099,8 @@
     "refreshing": "Refreshing...",
     "serverOffline": "Server Offline",
     "cannotFetchMetrics": "Cannot fetch metrics from offline server",
+    "totpRequired": "TOTP Authentication Required",
+    "totpUnavailable": "Server Stats unavailable for TOTP-enabled servers",
     "load": "Load",
     "free": "Free",
     "available": "Available"

src/locales/zh/translation.json

@@ -703,6 +703,10 @@
     "terminalTitle": "终端 - {{host}}",
     "terminalWithPath": "终端 - {{host}}:{{path}}",
     "runTitle": "运行 {{command}} - {{host}}",
+    "totpRequired": "需要双因素认证",
+    "totpCodeLabel": "验证码",
+    "totpPlaceholder": "000000",
+    "totpVerify": "验证",
     "connect": "连接主机",
     "disconnect": "断开连接",
     "clear": "清屏",
@@ -984,7 +988,9 @@
     "fileComparison": "文件对比：{{file1}} 与 {{file2}}",
     "fileTooLarge": "文件过大：{{error}}",
     "sshConnectionFailed": "SSH 连接失败。请检查与 {{name}} ({{ip}}:{{port}}) 的连接",
-    "loadFileFailed": "加载文件失败：{{error}}"
+    "loadFileFailed": "加载文件失败：{{error}}",
+    "connectedSuccessfully": "连接成功",
+    "totpVerificationFailed": "TOTP 验证失败"
   },
   "tunnels": {
     "title": "SSH 隧道",
@@ -1072,6 +1078,8 @@
     "refreshing": "正在刷新...",
     "serverOffline": "服务器离线",
     "cannotFetchMetrics": "无法从离线服务器获取指标",
+    "totpRequired": "需要 TOTP 认证",
+    "totpUnavailable": "启用了 TOTP 的服务器无法使用服务器统计功能",
     "load": "负载"
   },
   "auth": {

src/ui/Desktop/Apps/File Manager/FileManager.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { TOTPDialog } from "@/ui/components/TOTPDialog";
 import {
   Upload,
   FolderPlus,
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ import {
   renameSSHItem,
   moveSSHItem,
   connectSSH,
+  verifySSHTOTP,
   getSSHStatus,
   keepSSHAlive,
   identifySSHSymlink,
@@ -98,6 +100,9 @@ function FileManagerContent({ initialHost, onClose }: FileManagerProps) {
   const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState("");
   const [lastRefreshTime, setLastRefreshTime] = useState<number>(0);
   const [viewMode, setViewMode] = useState<"grid" | "list">("grid");
+  const [totpRequired, setTotpRequired] = useState(false);
+  const [totpSessionId, setTotpSessionId] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [totpPrompt, setTotpPrompt] = useState<string>("");
   const [pinnedFiles, setPinnedFiles] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
   const [sidebarRefreshTrigger, setSidebarRefreshTrigger] = useState(0);
   const [isClosing, setIsClosing] = useState<boolean>(false);
@@ -288,6 +293,14 @@ function FileManagerContent({ initialHost, onClose }: FileManagerProps) {
         userId: currentHost.userId,
       });
 
+      if (result?.requires_totp) {
+        setTotpRequired(true);
+        setTotpSessionId(sessionId);
+        setTotpPrompt(result.prompt || "Verification code:");
+        setIsLoading(false);
+        return;
+      }
+
       setSshSessionId(sessionId);
 
       try {
@@ -1241,6 +1254,47 @@ function FileManagerContent({ initialHost, onClose }: FileManagerProps) {
     setEditingFile(null);
   }
 
+  async function handleTotpSubmit(code: string) {
+    if (!totpSessionId || !code) return;
+
+    try {
+      setIsLoading(true);
+      const result = await verifySSHTOTP(totpSessionId, code);
+
+      if (result?.status === "success") {
+        setTotpRequired(false);
+        setTotpPrompt("");
+        setSshSessionId(totpSessionId);
+        setTotpSessionId(null);
+
+        try {
+          const response = await listSSHFiles(totpSessionId, currentPath);
+          const files = Array.isArray(response)
+            ? response
+            : response?.files || [];
+          setFiles(files);
+          clearSelection();
+          initialLoadDoneRef.current = true;
+          toast.success(t("fileManager.connectedSuccessfully"));
+        } catch (dirError: any) {
+          console.error("Failed to load initial directory:", dirError);
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      console.error("TOTP verification failed:", error);
+      toast.error(t("fileManager.totpVerificationFailed"));
+    } finally {
+      setIsLoading(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function handleTotpCancel() {
+    setTotpRequired(false);
+    setTotpPrompt("");
+    setTotpSessionId(null);
+    if (onClose) onClose();
+  }
+
   function generateUniqueName(
     baseName: string,
     type: "file" | "directory",
@@ -1809,6 +1863,13 @@ function FileManagerContent({ initialHost, onClose }: FileManagerProps) {
           />
         </div>
       </div>
+
+      <TOTPDialog
+        isOpen={totpRequired}
+        prompt={totpPrompt}
+        onSubmit={handleTotpSubmit}
+        onCancel={handleTotpCancel}
+      />
     </div>
   );
 }

src/ui/Desktop/Apps/Server/Server.tsx

@@ -119,12 +119,17 @@ export function Server({
           setMetrics(data);
           setShowStatsUI(true);
         }
-      } catch (error) {
+      } catch (error: any) {
         if (!cancelled) {
           setMetrics(null);
           setShowStatsUI(false);
+          if (error?.code === "TOTP_REQUIRED" ||
+              (error?.response?.status === 403 && error?.response?.data?.error === "TOTP_REQUIRED")) {
+            toast.error(t("serverStats.totpUnavailable"));
+          } else {
             toast.error(t("serverStats.failedToFetchMetrics"));
           }
+        }
       } finally {
         if (!cancelled) {
           setIsLoadingMetrics(false);
@@ -210,17 +215,28 @@ export function Server({
                     setMetrics(data);
                     setShowStatsUI(true);
                   } catch (error: any) {
-                    if (error?.response?.status === 503) {
+                    if (error?.code === "TOTP_REQUIRED" ||
-                      setServerStatus("offline");
+                        (error?.response?.status === 403 && error?.response?.data?.error === "TOTP_REQUIRED")) {
-                    } else if (error?.response?.status === 504) {
+                      toast.error(t("serverStats.totpUnavailable"));
-                      setServerStatus("offline");
-                    } else if (error?.response?.status === 404) {
-                      setServerStatus("offline");
-                    } else {
-                      setServerStatus("offline");
-                    }
                       setMetrics(null);
                       setShowStatsUI(false);
+                    } else if (error?.response?.status === 503 || error?.status === 503) {
+                      setServerStatus("offline");
+                      setMetrics(null);
+                      setShowStatsUI(false);
+                    } else if (error?.response?.status === 504 || error?.status === 504) {
+                      setServerStatus("offline");
+                      setMetrics(null);
+                      setShowStatsUI(false);
+                    } else if (error?.response?.status === 404 || error?.status === 404) {
+                      setServerStatus("offline");
+                      setMetrics(null);
+                      setShowStatsUI(false);
+                    } else {
+                      setServerStatus("offline");
+                      setMetrics(null);
+                      setShowStatsUI(false);
+                    }
                   } finally {
                     setIsRefreshing(false);
                   }

src/ui/Desktop/Apps/Terminal/Terminal.tsx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { WebLinksAddon } from "@xterm/addon-web-links";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { getCookie, isElectron } from "@/ui/main-axios.ts";
+import { TOTPDialog } from "@/ui/components/TOTPDialog";
 
 interface SSHTerminalProps {
   hostConfig: any;
@@ -55,6 +56,8 @@ export const Terminal = forwardRef<any, SSHTerminalProps>(function SSHTerminal(
   const [isConnecting, setIsConnecting] = useState(false);
   const [connectionError, setConnectionError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [isAuthenticated, setIsAuthenticated] = useState(false);
+  const [totpRequired, setTotpRequired] = useState(false);
+  const [totpPrompt, setTotpPrompt] = useState<string>("");
   const isVisibleRef = useRef<boolean>(false);
   const reconnectTimeoutRef = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout | null>(null);
   const reconnectAttempts = useRef(0);
@@ -102,6 +105,25 @@ export const Terminal = forwardRef<any, SSHTerminalProps>(function SSHTerminal(
     } catch (_) {}
   }
 
+  function handleTotpSubmit(code: string) {
+    if (webSocketRef.current && code) {
+      webSocketRef.current.send(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          type: "totp_response",
+          data: { code },
+        }),
+      );
+      setTotpRequired(false);
+      setTotpPrompt("");
+    }
+  }
+
+  function handleTotpCancel() {
+    setTotpRequired(false);
+    setTotpPrompt("");
+    if (onClose) onClose();
+  }
+
   function scheduleNotify(cols: number, rows: number) {
     if (!(cols > 0 && rows > 0)) return;
     pendingSizeRef.current = { cols, rows };
@@ -422,6 +444,9 @@ export const Terminal = forwardRef<any, SSHTerminalProps>(function SSHTerminal(
           if (onClose) {
             onClose();
           }
+        } else if (msg.type === "totp_required") {
+          setTotpRequired(true);
+          setTotpPrompt(msg.prompt || "Verification code:");
         }
       } catch (error) {
         toast.error(t("terminal.messageParseError"));
@@ -729,6 +754,13 @@ export const Terminal = forwardRef<any, SSHTerminalProps>(function SSHTerminal(
           </div>
         </div>
       )}
+
+      <TOTPDialog
+        isOpen={totpRequired}
+        prompt={totpPrompt}
+        onSubmit={handleTotpSubmit}
+        onCancel={handleTotpCancel}
+      />
     </div>
   );
 });

src/ui/components/TOTPDialog.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import React from "react";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { Shield } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+
+interface TOTPDialogProps {
+  isOpen: boolean;
+  prompt: string;
+  onSubmit: (code: string) => void;
+  onCancel: () => void;
+}
+
+export function TOTPDialog({
+  isOpen,
+  prompt,
+  onSubmit,
+  onCancel,
+}: TOTPDialogProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+  if (!isOpen) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <div className="fixed inset-0 flex items-center justify-center z-50">
+      <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/50" />
+      <div className="bg-dark-bg border-2 border-dark-border rounded-lg p-6 max-w-md w-full mx-4 relative z-10">
+        <div className="mb-4 flex items-center gap-2">
+          <Shield className="w-5 h-5 text-primary" />
+          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">
+            {t("terminal.totpRequired")}
+          </h3>
+        </div>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm mb-4">{prompt}</p>
+        <form
+          onSubmit={(e) => {
+            e.preventDefault();
+            const input = e.currentTarget.elements.namedItem(
+              "totpCode",
+            ) as HTMLInputElement;
+            if (input && input.value.trim()) {
+              onSubmit(input.value.trim());
+            }
+          }}
+          className="space-y-4"
+        >
+          <div>
+            <Label htmlFor="totpCode">
+              {t("terminal.totpCodeLabel")}
+            </Label>
+            <Input
+              id="totpCode"
+              name="totpCode"
+              type="text"
+              autoFocus
+              maxLength={6}
+              pattern="[0-9]*"
+              inputMode="numeric"
+              placeholder="000000"
+              className="text-center text-lg tracking-widest mt-1.5"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div className="flex gap-2">
+            <Button type="submit" className="flex-1">
+              {t("terminal.totpVerify")}
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              type="button"
+              variant="outline"
+              onClick={onCancel}
+              className="flex-1"
+            >
+              {t("common.cancel")}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        </form>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

src/ui/main-axios.ts

@@ -526,8 +526,8 @@ function handleApiError(error: unknown, operation: string): never {
 
   if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
     const status = error.response?.status;
-    const message = error.response?.data?.error || error.message;
+    const message = error.response?.data?.message || error.response?.data?.error || error.message;
-    const code = error.response?.data?.code;
+    const code = error.response?.data?.code || error.response?.data?.error;
     const url = error.config?.url;
     const method = error.config?.method?.toUpperCase();
 
@@ -554,11 +554,15 @@ function handleApiError(error: unknown, operation: string): never {
       throw new ApiError(errorMessage, 401, "AUTH_REQUIRED");
     } else if (status === 403) {
       authLogger.warn(`Access denied: ${method} ${url}`, errorContext);
-      throw new ApiError(
+      const apiError = new ApiError(
-        "Access denied. You do not have permission to perform this action.",
+        code === "TOTP_REQUIRED"
+          ? message
+          : "Access denied. You do not have permission to perform this action.",
         403,
-        "ACCESS_DENIED",
+        code || "ACCESS_DENIED",
       );
+      (apiError as any).response = error.response;
+      throw apiError;
     } else if (status === 404) {
       apiLogger.warn(`Not found: ${method} ${url}`, errorContext);
       throw new ApiError(
@@ -1057,6 +1061,21 @@ export async function disconnectSSH(sessionId: string): Promise<any> {
   }
 }
 
+export async function verifySSHTOTP(
+  sessionId: string,
+  totpCode: string,
+): Promise<any> {
+  try {
+    const response = await fileManagerApi.post("/ssh/connect-totp", {
+      sessionId,
+      totpCode,
+    });
+    return response.data;
+  } catch (error) {
+    handleApiError(error, "verify SSH TOTP");
+  }
+}
+
 export async function getSSHStatus(
   sessionId: string,
 ): Promise<{ connected: boolean }> {